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HISTORY AND TODAYS USE OF PAINTING MEDIUMS     
 - Glue Paint, Wax Paint, Cera Colla, Mastic,       
Casein Paint, Fresco, Egg, Oil Paint, Acrylic Paint       
   
 
 

 

 CONTENT:  
 
 
  1. HISTORY OF MAKING COLORS,
    PAINT AND MEDIUMS:
    From B.C. - To Present

      1.1. ART - RELATED HISTORY IN YEARS
      1.2. B.C. - MEDIUM DEVELOPMENTS
      1.3. NEOLITHIC DEVELOPING AREAS,
               EURO-ASIA CULTURES AND TRIBES HEADINGS 		 
 
 
  2. PAINTING SUPPORTS
    AND ALL MEDIUMS EXPLAINED

      2.1. - PAINTING SUPPORTS
                2.1.1. - ROCK AND MUD
                2.1.2. - PAPYRUS
                2.1.3. - PAPER
                2.1.4. - WOOD
                2.1.5. - FLAX LINEN
                2.1.6. - COTTON
                2.1.7. - SAILCLOTH
                2.1.8. - HANDKERCHIEF OR AEROPLANE LINEN
                2.1.9. - FRESCO
                              2.1.9.1. - LIME
                             2.1.9.2. - CEMENT
                             2.1.9.3. - GYPSUM
                             2.1.9.4. - MORTAR
      2.2. - PRIMING GROUNDS
                2.2.1. - ADHESIVES FOR GROUNDS
                              2.2.1.1. - ANIMAL
                             2.2.1.2. - ACRYLIC
                             2.2.1.3. - VEGETABLE RYE
                 2.2.2. - BODY ADDITIVES TO GROUNDS
                             2.2.2.1. - CHALK
                             2.2.2.2. - GYPSUM
                             2.2.2.3. - KAOLIN CLAY
                             2.2.2.4. - BARYTA WHITE
                             2.2.2.5. - WHITE GESSO PRIMER
                             2.2.2.6. - BLACK GESSO PRIMER
                             2.2.2.7.-  BODY COLOR FOR GROUNDS
                             2.2.2.8. - TESTING THE GROUND
                 2.2.3. - COLORED GROUNDS
                             2.2.3.1. - GLAZING THE GROUND
                             2.2.3.2. - SOLID COLOR GROUND
                 2.2.4. - ISOLATING MEDIUMS

      2.3. - THINNERS AND ADDITIVES TO MEDIUMS
                2.3.1. - NATURAL EMULSIONS
                              2.3.1.1. - WATER
                             2.3.1.2. - TURPENTINE
                             2.3.1.3. - ALCOHOL
                             2.3.1.4. - SPIKE
                             2.3.1.5. - SPIKE NARD
                             2.3.1.6. - CASTOR OIL
                             2.3.1.7. - AMMONIA
                             2.3.1.8. - PETROLEUM DESTILLATES
                             2.3.1.9. - EGG
                             2.3.1.10. - CASEIN
                             2.3.2.11. - GUM
                 2.3.2. - OTHER MIXED EMULSIONS
                             2.3.2.1. - PASTE
                             2.3.2.2. - GLUE
                             2.3.2.3. - WAX-SOAP
                 2.3.3. - SYNTHETIC MEDIUMS
                              2.3.3.1. - ALKYD RESISN
                             2.3.3.2. - ALKYD GEL MEDIUM
                             2.3.3.3. - ALKYD FLOW MEDIUM
      2.4. - CATALYST AGENTS
                2.4.1. - ALUM
                2.4.2. - AMMONIA
                2.4.3. - BORAX
                2.4.4. - FORMALDEHYDE

       2.5. - MEDIUMS: WATER BASED AND GLUES
                  2.5.1. - GUMS
                              2.5.1.1. - ARABIC GUM
                              2.5.1.2. - SENEGAL FRENCH
                              2.5.1.3. - KORDOFAN
                              2.5.1.4. - CHERRY
                              2.5.1.5. - TRAGACANTH
                              2.5.1.6. - SARCOLLA
                              2.5.1.7. - PASTE
                  2.5.2. - GLUE
                               2.5.2.1. - GELATIN
                              2.5.2.2. - PARCHMENT
                              2.5.2.3. - COLOGNE
                              2.5.2.4. - RABBIT
                              2.5.2.5. - BONE
                              2.5.2.6. - FISH
                  2.5.3. - GLYCERIN
                  2.5.4. - WATER BASED MEDIUM EGG AND EGG TEMPERA
                              2.5.4.1. - EGG TEMPERA
                              2.5.4.2. - OIL OVER EGG TEMPERA
         2.6. - MEDIUMS: TURPENTINE AND OILS
                 2.6.1. - TURPENTINE
                              2.6.1.1. - VENICE TURPENTINE
                              2.6.1.2. - STRASSBOURG TURPENTINE
                              2.6.1.3. - BURGUNDY AND JURA TURPENTINE
                 2.6.2. - OLEORESIN
                 2.6.3. - SICCATIVES

                 2.6.4. - THE MAROGER MEDIUMS
                              2.6.4.1. - HOW TO USE THE MAROGER MEDIUMS
                              2.6.4.2. - THE GROUND
                               2.6.4.3. - OIL COLORS
                               2.6.4.4. - GLAZES
                               2.6.4.5. - A (meager) COAT OF MEDIUM
                2.6.5. - BLACK OIL
                 2.6.6. - MASTIC VARNISH
                 2.6.7. - ITALIAN FORMULA MEDIUM
                 2.6.8. - FLEMISH FORMULA MEDIUM
                 2.6.9. - E'TUDE FORMULA MEDIUM
  
                  2.6.10. - DRYING OILS
                                2.6.10.1. - LINSEED STAND OIL
                                2.6.10.2. - PURIFIED LINSEED OIL
                                 2.6.10.3. - COLDPRESSED LINSEE OIL
                                2.6.10.4. - STEAM-PRESSED LINSEED OIL
                                2.6.10.5. - SUN-THICKENED LINSEED OIL
                                2.6.10.6. - WASHED LINSEED OIL
                                2.6.10.7. - OTHER FORMS OF LINSEED OIL
                                2.6.10.8. - NUT OIL      
                                2.6.10.9. - WALNUT OIL
                                2.6.10.10. - POPPY OIL
                                2.6.10.11. - PURIFIED POPPY OIL
                                2.6.10.12. - CASTOR OIL
                                2.6.10.13. - LAVENDER OIL
                                 2.6.10.14. - LIGHT DRYING OIL
                                 2.6.10.15. - OIL OF CLOVES
                                 2.6.10.16. - SOYABEAN OIL
                                 2.6.10.17. - TUNG OIL
                                 2.6.10.18. - SAFFLOWER OIL
   
                 2.6.11. - SEMIDRYING OILS
                 2.6.12. - NONDRYING OILS

                 2.6.13. - COPAIA BALSAM
                 2.6.14. - DAMMAR, CHIOS or LAVANTINE,
                                COPALS (Brazilian, Manila, Borneo,
                                SHELLAC, and the ANCIENT OLEORESIN
                 2.6.15. - SUCCINITE AMBER, HARD COPALS
                 2.6.16. - COPAL
                 2.6.17. - AMBER

                  2.6.18. - WAX MEDIUMS
                                 2.6.18.2. - AMMONIA AND WAX, CERA COLLA

                  2.6.19. - ACRYLIC RESIN
  
        2.7. - CASEIN TEMPERA EMULSION

       2.8. - MEDIUMS: ALCOHOL BASED
                  2.8.1. - SANDARAC
                 2.8.2. - STICK-LAC
                 2.8.3. - LACQUER
                 2.8.4. - LAC AND DYES
                 2.8.5. - RED SHELLAC 		 
 
 
  3. VARNISHES
      3.1. - RETOUCHING VARNISH
      3.2. - CLEAR PICTURE VARNISH
      3.3. - MATT VARNISH
      3.4. - DAMAR VARNISH 		 
 
 
  4. MAKING YOUR OWN OIL MEDIUMS
     ( soon with new content ) 		 
 
 
  5. TRANSPARENT COLORS  
 
 
  6. COLOR CARPET MATERIALS  
 
 
  7. COLOR OF CALCINED ELEMENTS IN GLAZES  
 
 
 


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