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TOBEY, Mark, born 1890 Centerville - 1976 Basel; American painter. |
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| 1906-08 | Studied
at the Art Institute of Chicago. First worked as a draughtsman in a
fashion studio. |
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| 1917 | First
solo-exhibition of portrait drawings at the Knoedler Gallery in New
York. |
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| 1922 | Became
interested in Chinese calligraphy and East Asian philosophies,
especially the religion of Baha'i. |
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| 1922-25 | Taught
art in Seattle. |
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| 1930-37 | Taught
at Dartington Hall in Devonshire. Travelled through Europe, the Orient
and Far East, staying in 1935 in a Zen monastery in Japan, where he
studied calligraphy. |
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| 1938 | Composed
his own music. |
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| 1959 | Participation
in documenta 2 in Kassel. |
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| 1960 | Moved
to Basel, and felt at home with the humanist tradition there, but
continued his travels around the USA. |
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| 1974 | Retrospectives
at the Smithonian Institution, Washington. |
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| 1984 | Retrospectives
in the National Gallery, Washington. |
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| 1990 | 'A
Centennial Exhibition' at the Beyeler Gallery, Basel. |
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Tobey is to be seen as an abstract painter and printmaker who was inspired by an interest in Oriental art. He called his distinctive style the "white writing", using calligraphic white patterns with suggestions of colors beneath. He influenced the French tachisme. Tobey's 'White Writings', networks of fine calligraphic figures, were originally quite easy to interpret but became increasingly abstract and unintelligble, reflecting his introverted, contemplative way of life. |
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